For High Speed:- Wired connection is used.
For Low Speed:- Wireless/Internet connection is used.
Features of Cables:
- Bandwidth: The range of frequencies contained in a composite signal and is depend on the communication that we want to used.
- Segment Length
- Effect of EMF
- Crosstalk: Effect of one wire on the other.
- Cost
- Attenuation: Means Loss of Energy or Signal.
Classes of Transmission Media:
Guided(wired) Media:
- Twisted-Pair Cable:
- A twisted pair consists of two conductors(normally copper), each with its own plastic insulation, twisted together.
- One of the wires is used to carry signals to the receiver, and the other is used only as a ground referance.
- Crosstalk and noise might be affect the wires and create unwanted signals.
- To avoid unwanted signals, Multiple wires are twisted.
- Twisted-pair cables are used in telephone lines to provide voice and data channels.
- LAN such as 10Base-T and 100Base-T, also use twisted pair cables.
- Types: Un-shielded Twisted Pair(UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)
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UTP
- No jacket after each pair.
- EMF(Electro motive force) effect is more.
- Mostly used for commuications.
- DSl lines that are used by telephone companies to provide high data rate connections use the high bandwidth capability of UTP cables.
- RJ(Registered jack)45 connector is used for UTP cable connection.
STP
- Jacket after each pair.
- Less effect of EMF.
- Prevent the penetration of noise or crosstalk.
- Bulkier and more Expensive.
Categories of UTP:
- CAT 1: Used in telephone(Data Rate < 0.1 Mbps)
- CAT 2: Used in T-Lines(Data Rate = 2 Mbps)
- CAT 3: Improves CAT 2 used in LANs(Data Rate = 10 Mbps)
- CAT 4: Improves CAT 3 used in Token Ring networks(LANs)(Data Rate = 20 Mbps)
- CAT 5: Used in LANs(Data Rate = 100 Mbps)
- CAT 5E: An extension to the CAT 5 that included extra features to minimize the crosstalk and EMF(Data Rate = 125 Mbps,used in LANs)
- CAT 6: A new CAT with matched components coming from the same manufacturer(Data Rate = 200 Mbps,used in LANs)
- CAT 7: Also called SSTP(Shielded Screen Twisted Pair), decrease the effect of crosstalk and increase the data rate.(Data Rate = 600 Mbps,used in LANs)
EIA(Electronic Industries Association) and TIA(Telecommunication Industries Association)
These are the two association which gives two standards:
- 568-A Standard
- G(Green)/W(White)
- G
- OR(Orange)/W
- BL(Blue)
- BL/W
- OR
- BR(Brown)/W
- BR
- 568-B Standard
- O(Orange)/W(White)
- O
- G(Green)/W
- BL(Blue)
- BL/W
- G
- BR(Brown)/W
- BR
Straight Through Cable Connection:(568-A, 568-A is used for straight cable)
- Tx+(Transmission +ve) Rx+(1)
- Tx-(Transmission -ve) Rx-(2)
- Rx+(Receiving +ve) Tx+(3)
- -----------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------
- Rx-(Receiving -ve) Tx-(6)
- -----------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------
Uses:-
- PC-PC(Personal Computer)
- ROUTER-PC
- ROUTER-ROUTER
Cross-Over Cable Connection:(568-A, 568-B is used for cross cable)
- Tx+(Transmission +ve) Tx+(3)
- Tx-(Transmission -ve) Tx-(6)
- Rx+(Receiving +ve) Rx+(1)
- -----------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------
- Rx-(Receiving -ve) Rx-(2)
- -----------------------------------------
- -----------------------------------------
Uses:-
- PC-SWITCH
- PC-HUB
- ROUTER-SWITCH
- ROUTER-HUB
Made By : P & V
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