NETWORKING
NETWORK:
- A collection of computer connected with each other physically or logically.
- A computer network is a collection of computers and other hardware interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. Where at least one process in one device is able to send/recieve data to/from at least one process residing in a remote device, then the two devices said to be in a network.
Types of Networks:
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
LAN(Local Area Network ):
1. A LAN is usually privately owned and links the devices in a single office,building or campus.
2. LANs are designed to allow resources to be shared between personal computers or workstations.The resources to be shared can include hardware(e.g. printer), software(e.g. an application program), or data.
3. Common LAN topologies = BUS, RING, STAR
4. LAN size is limited to a few kilometers.
5. Technology used = ETHERNET
6. Earlier, the LAN had data rate in the 4Mbps to 16Mbps. At present speed are normally 100Mbps or 1000Mbps.
7. Wireless LAN is the newest evolution in LAN technology.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network):
1. MAN is a network with larger size than LAN.
2. It normally covers the area inside a town or a city.
3. It is designed for customers who need high speed connectivity,normally to the internet, and have end points spread over a city.
4. A good example of a MAN is the part of telephone company network that can provide a high speed DSL line to the customer.
WAN(Wide Area Network):
1. WAN is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e any network whose communications links cross metropolitan, regional. or national boundaries). Or, less formally, a network that uses routers and public communications links.
2.Types are:
Switched WAN
Point to Point WAN
3. Largest and well known example is INTERNET.
4. WAN is used to connect LAN and other type of networks together, so users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations.
5. WAN provides long distance transmission of data, image, audio and video information over large geographic areas that may comprise a country, a continent or even the whole world.
6. Technologies used = X.25, FRAME RELAY, PPP, HDLC, ATM etc.
7. WAN technologies generally function at the lower three layers of the OSI Reference model: the Physical layer, the Data link layer, and the Network layer.
TYPES OF NETWORKING:
1. Server Based Networking
2. Peer To Peer Networking
Server based Networking:
- A network in which all client computers use a dedicated central server computer for network functions.
- It requires particular server and other clients.
- It is used to manage centralized security and user authentications.
Peer To Peer(P2P) Networking:
- A P2P computer network is one in which each computer in the network can act as a client or a server for the other computers in the other network, allowing shared access to various resources such as file, peripherals and sensors without the need for a central server.
- There is no server, no client.
- In this we cannot manage centralized security.
Made by: P & V
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