IP(Internet Protocol):
It is used for unique identification of a device within a network.
IP Address are defined by IETF:
IETF -> IANA -> RIR -> ISP -> USER
- IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)
- IANA(International Association of Number Authority) is responsible for assigning IP all over the world and then IANA made 5 Branches all over world and known as RIR
- RIR(Regional Internet Registry) is responsible for assigning IP to ISP
- ISP(Internet Service Provider)
- USER- From ISP user get IP
- IPv4
- IPv6
- It is a 32 Bit address and represented in the decimal form.
- It is divided into 4 octets & each octet is separated by a Dot(.)
- It consist of two parts- Network ID portion & Host ID portion
- It is divided into 5 classes :-
- CLASS A
- CLASS B
- CLASS C
- CLASS D
- CLASS E
Class A:
0xxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx
- Red color bits are Network ID bits
- Green color bits are Host ID bits
- In this class IP address range is from 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255
- Total no. of net= 2power 7= 128
- Total no. of Host per net= 2power 24=16777216
Class B:
10xxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx
- Red color bits are Network ID bits
- Green color bits are Host ID bits
- In this class IP address range is from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
- Total no. of net= 2power 14=16384
- Total no. of Host per net= 2power 16=65536
Class C:
110xxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxx
- Red color bits are Network ID bits
- Green color bits are Host ID bits
- In this class IP address range is from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
- Total no. of net= 2power 21=2097152
- Total no. of Host per net= 2power 8=256
Class D:
1110xxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx
- In this class IP address range is from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
- In this class there is No Network ID and Host ID
- This Class is reserved for Multi-Casting(To forward the data to the group)
Class E:
1111xxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx . xxxxxxxx
- In this class IP address range is from 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255
- In this class there is No Network ID and Host ID
- This class is reserved for Research purpose
NOTE: For Normal Network Purpose , We use Class A , B , C
IP ADDRESS TYPES:
- Private IP Address
- Public IP Address
Private IP Address:
- These addresses are also called Non-Routable IP
- These are Free of Cost available
- These addresses are used within a LAN
- Team Viewer use private address for communication.
- Range:
- Class A 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
- Class B 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
- Class C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
Public IP Address:
- These addresses are also called Routable IP
- Uses:
- Live WEB site host
- IP Camera
- Telnet, FTP, Remote Desktop
Types:
- Static i.e Fixed
- Dynamic (These are used by Team Viewer, Ammy etc. )
SUBNET MASK:
- It is use to separate NETWORK ID portion from HOST ID portion when all the Bits of Network ID become 1 and Host ID become 0, then it denotes SUBNET MASK.
- Without subnet mask IP address has no significance.
- SUBNET MASK of
- CLASS A 255.0.0.0
- CLASS B 255.255.0.0
- CLASS C 255.255.255.0
Made By : P & V
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