The blog includes a vivid coverage of the concepts of CCNA, CCNP (Routing & Switching) , Basic Linux and Linux servers. Projects have also been simulated to give a practical exposure.

Thursday, 14 February 2013

The Process/Application Layer Protocols

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Protocols:
These are set of Rules & Regulations that are required for communications.

Port Number:
A port number is a way to identify a specific process to which an Internet or other network message is to be forwarded when it arrives at a server i.e. it is used to identify any service.

The Process/Application Layer Protocols:

TLS (Transport Layer security):
1.     Both TLS and its forerunner, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that come in really handy for enabling secure online data-transfer activities.
2.     Activities like browsing the web, instant messaging, internet faxing, and so on.

Telnet (Terminal Emulation Network):
   1. It is used to remotely access the device in order to configure it.
   2. It will provide only command line not graphic mode.
   3. Port no. = 23
   4. Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
1.     It is used to Transfer files.
2.     FTP is not just a protocol, it is also a program. Operating as a protocol, FTP is used by applications. As a program, it is employed by users to perform file tasks by hand.
3.     Port no. = 20(For Data transfer) & 21 (For Authentication).
4.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol):
1.     It is used to Transfer files.
2.     Port no. = 69
3.     There is no authentication process.
4.     Protocol used =UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol):
1.     It is used to handle the outgoing mails i.e. used to send mails.
2.     Software used = Window Live etc.
3.     Port no.= 25
4.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

POP (Post Office Protocol):
1.     It is used to handle the Incoming mails i.e. used to receive mails.
2.     It cut the data from server & paste into the user computer.
3.     Latest version is POP3 i.e. version 3. POP4 is also available.
4.     Port no.= 110
5.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

IMAP (Internet Messaging Access Protocol):
1.     It is used to handle the Incoming mails i.e. used to receive mails.
2.     It copy the data from server & paste into the user computer.
3.     Latest version is IMAP4
4.     Port no.= 143
5.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

IMAP-S (Internet Messaging Access Protocol Secure):
1.     It is used to handle the Incoming mails i.e. used to receive mails.
2.     It copy the data from server & paste into the user computer.
3.     Port no.= 993
4.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol):
1.     It is used to measure Network performance.
2.     Versions- v1,v2,v3
3.     Port no.= 161
4.     Protocol used = for v3 =TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), for v1=UDP(User Datagram Protocol)
5.     Version 3 provide more security and message Integrity (Correctness), authentication, and encryption.

SSH (Secure Shell):
1.     SSH protocol sets up a secure telnet session over a TCP/IP connection.
2.     It is a new generation protocol that is now used in place of rsh and rlogin- even Telnet.
3.     Port no.= 22
4.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):
1.     It is used to upload and download the Web-Page i.e. it is used to manage communications between web browsers and web servers and open the right source when you click a link.
2.     Port no.= 80
3.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):
1.     It is used to upload and download the Web-Page i.e. it is used to manage communications between web browsers and web servers and open the right source when you click a link.
2.     It uses SSL(Secure Socket Layer)
3.     It provide bunch of security tools.
4.     Port no.= 443
5.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

NET- BIOS :
1.     It is used to resolve Host name into IP address (Work only with in the same network).
2.     By default it is always enable.
3.     Port no.= 137
4.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

WINS (Window Internet Name Server):
1.     It is used to resolve Host name into IP address (Work with in the different network also).
2.     Port no.= 1512
3.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

DNS (Domain Name Server):
1.      It is used to resolve FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) into IP address and vice-versa.
2.     Host Name + Domain Name = FQDN
3.     Port no.= 53
4.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol):
1.      It is used to assigned IP address related information automatically to the clients.
2.     Port no.= 67(For server) & 68(For client)
3.     Protocol used = UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for IPv4
4.     If we are assigning IPv6 addresses then Port no.= 546(for client) & 547 (for server)
5.     Protocol used = TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for IPv6

                                                                                                          Made By: P & V














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